Apparatus for printing both horizontal and perpendicular lines



Mar." .13, l923.- 1,448,677 E. ROWE APPARATUS FOR PRINTING BOTHHORIZONTAL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES Filed Oct. 24, 1922 mum TOR EBA/567Eon Patented Mar. 13, 1923.

PATENT OFFICE.

ERNEST ROWE, OF DERBY, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR PRINTING BOTH HORIZONTAL AND PERPENDIC'CTLAR LINES.

Application filed October 24, 1922. Serial No. 596,623.

T 0 all whom it may OOH/067" Be it known that I, ERNEST ROWE, a subjectof the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Derby,county of Derby, England, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Apparatus for Printing Both Horizontal and PerpendicularLines, of which the following is a specification. This inventionprovides an improved method of and apparatus for printing bothhorizontal and perpendicular lines in con junction with type,'and hasfor its object to save time, labour, and materiah'in producing printedforms and the like, ruled horizontally, or ruled both horizontally andvertically, or with type insertions, which may be either figures,letters or words between the rules, thus facilitating manual labour andincreasing output, with a reduction in the cost of production.

In present practice forms are built up with brass rule, quads, leads andtype. The rules are first out to lengths required for the perpendicularlines and into shorter pieces for the horizontal lines, which areconsiderably greater in number. The length of these short pieces isdetermined by the width between the perpendicular lines. The spacesbetween the rules are filled up with quads and leads, therefore the formis gradually built up in sections. Such forms may be used to print fromdirect, or'duplicated by the stereo-type 1 process.

By this invention, the horizontal' lines are built up of what I termsectional rulers, which are a combination of the printing surfaces, andthe necessary space between the lines, thereby dispensing with leads,and with quads except such as are hereinafter described.

The sectional rulers are made up of septheirguide rodsareplaced side byside if wherewith'eto grip and conipress the assemthe spaces between thelines are to be left blank, or with'type between adjacent rulersif'printing matter is required. On each ruler the printing face may be asingle straight line, or several lines either plain, dotted orornamental. Arranged in the centre, or at or near the edge of the uppersurface of the'ruler, from which line or lines the said surface fallsaway to the flank of the ruler to meet the corresponding surface of theadjacent ruler (or it may be the intermediate type) and form therewiththe space between the printing lines.

The sectional rulers are pierced with holes, preferably ofrectangularpattern and parallel with the printing surfaces through whichholes the guide rods are fitted to support and combine the rulers, andretain them in assembled positions. The guiderods are chiefly used forconvenience in combining a number of sectional'rulers and therebyexpediting handling. Therefore, the sectional rulers may be used with orwithout guide rods.

Perpendicular rules are adapted for insertion between adjacent sectionsof the sectional rulers, and to rest upon the guide rods at therequiredspacing intervals and at right angles'to the printing surfacesof the sectional rulers. They are preferably 36 point in height, thatbeing a convenient height from the printing surface to the top of theguiderodfwhen the guide rods are in use; and they have twoprintingfacesso that one'edgemayprint a fineline and the other edge a thicker linewhen the rule is reversed.

Although the above will be the most frequently adapted method of usingthe apparatus, I wish it to beunderstood that it may be reversed, sothat the sectional rulers would become the perpendicular lines.

'VVhen it is desirable to use the sectional rulers without the guiderods,then the'ordinary type-high brass rule will 'bereniployed.

The apparatus also comprises printing and stereotyping chases toaccommodate the assembled sectional rulers with their guide rods,perpendicular rules andtype.

Thechases are fitted with bars and'screws for the purpose of locking up.I make the chase with head and tail-bars and with two side bars'hingedat'oneendand with a looking device at the other end. Mo-vable"locking-upbars are providedwithin' the chase bledsectional-rulers in two'fdir'ections at right angles. The compression force may be obtained bythe use of bolts screwed into and through the outer members of the chaseand with their inner ends bearing against the movable bars, or by othersuitable means.

In operation, the sectional rulers are fitted upon the guide rods, whichare then placed in the chase. The rules for the perpendicular lines arethen fitted between the sectional rulers as desired, and ride upon theguide rods.

Type may be added at the head, foot, and between the rules and betweenthe sectional rulers.

hen the printing form is complete, the side bars of the chase arebrought down and held by the locking devices. The form is then closed upby adding the head and side locking-up bars, after which the whole issecurely locked up by screwing up the aforesaid bolts.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, whereinFigure l is a perspective view, partly in section, of a form built upwith sectional rulers on guide rods in a suitable chase with locking-upbars in position.

Figure 2 shows, in end elevation, sectional rulers of difierent widths.

Figure 3 shows, in end elevation, sectional rulers with differentprinting surfaces.

Figure 4 shows sectional rulers of a kind with slots adapted forinsertion without withdrawing the guide rods.

Figure 5 shows spacing quads similar to sectional rulers withoutprinting surfaces.

Figure 6 showsthe end portions of a head and a side locking-up bar.

Figure 7 is a side elevation of a guide rod fitted into the sidesof achase and threaded through a number of sectional rulers.

Figure 8 is a side and end view of a perpendicular rule.

Figure 9 is a part side view and an end view of a space bar.

Figure 10 shows, in sectional elevation, a portion of a chase with aspring lock in position.

Figure 11 shows the thickness or printing length of a 6 point and a 132point sectional ruler.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a chase made up of head bar a,tail bar 6, bottom side bars 0 fixed to the tail and head bars and withresilient clip or spring lock 0 at the head bar, side bars cZ hinged atb to the tail bar and adapted to interlock with the spring device 0'which has a hook to clip over the reduced end of the side bar d. Headand side locking-up bars a and d respectively are movable in the chaseand adapted to compress the assembled sectional rulers e andperpendicular rules 7 in two directions at right angles by means of thebolts 9 which are screwed into and through the head and side bars of thechase with their inner ends bearing adjustably against the movable barsa and 0?. Guide rods h rest on the bottom side bars 0 and are threadedthrough the sectional rulers e, and also support the perpendicular rules7".

Convenient dimensions for the sectional rulers e are :-height 66 pointor type high, width 12 point advancing by 1 point to 36 point, and inlength along the printing sur face the rulers are 6 point increasing by6 points up to 132 points or more. If intermediate widths, such as 141,18, 22, 26, 30 or 34C point are required, a 2 point space bar as Figure9 is used in addition to the next smaller standard size ruler; as 12point+2 pointzlet point.

Each sectional ruler e prints a section of a line and when a number ofrulers e are placed together they will print a line the length of whichis determined by the number of rulers employed.

Each ruler e has a printing face, and is a combination of a printingsurface which is a line or lines, and a space on one or both sides ofthe printing surface; two sectional rulers placed side by side withtheir printing surfaces parallel will print two (or more) parallel lineswith a space between the lines. The printing surface may comprise one ormore lines which may be continuous, thick or fine, or dotted, and may beat the centre or at or near one side as in F igure 3.

Each sectional ruler is made with a rectangular hole as shown in Figure2, or a slot as shown in Figure 4, through which the guide rods h arethreaded. The slotted kind of ruler shown in Figure 4 is used when extrawidth is required between the perpendicular lines after the form hasbeen built up, and is slipped over the guide rods after loosening theform, and without disturbing the remainder of the form matter.

Spacing quads are shown in Figure 5 and resemble sectional rulerswithout printing surfaces and are 60 point in height, i. e. 6 point lessthan type height. They are used for whiting out, i. e. if no printing isrequired in a part of the form, quads of suitable width are threaded onthe guide rods in place of the sectional rulers,

Guide rods as shown in Figure 7 are rectangular in shape and vary inlength to suit the different sizes of chases; in width they are 12 pointand 6 point and 18 point in height. They are threaded through thesectional rulers e as in Figure 7, and they also support theperpendicular rules f.

Perpendicular rules as in Figure 8 are 36 point high to adapt them toride across the guide rods at right angles to the sectional rulers withtheir printing surfaces flush with those on the sectional rulers. Theymay be in one length or in several short pieces and have two printingfaces, one at top and one at bottom.

The sectional rulers may be partially substituted by type when it isnecessary to print words or figures along with the lines or in a portionof a line, in which case the guide rods are partially or entirely withdrawn.

Chases are of two kinds, one for printing and one for stereo-typing andare made in several sizes. The printing chase is 60 point in height withbars 48 point in width, and the stereo-typing chase is type high, i. e.66 point with bars 66 point in width. The head locking-up bar is thefull height of the chase and 32 point in width. The side locking-up barrests on the guide rods and is 30 point in height for the printing chaseand 36 point for the stereo-typing chase.

In operation, a suitable chase is first selected either for printing orstereo-typing, of size to take the form intended to be built up. Guiderods h fitted with sectional rulers e are then placed in position withthe ends of the guide rods resting on the bottom side bars 0. Theperpendicular rules f are then inserted in their proper positionsaccording to the width of columns required.

If type, either figures or letters, are to be inserted in a column, theguide rod is withdrawn, the sectional rulers lifted out and typeinserted in their place. The general compression of the form when lockedup will hold the type firmly in position.

The sectional rulers can be used without the guide rods in the same wayas type, or along with type and type-high rule; the dotted rulers may beused as leaders and also for the blank columns in time-table matters.

Whenthe form is complete, it is locked up by inserting the headlocking-up bar a, placing the side locking-up bar 03' on the guide rods2). The side bars dare brought down to interlock with the spring device0',

bolts 9 are inserted at the head and sides and tightened up.

I claim 1. Apparatus for printing both horizontal and perpendicularlines comprising sectional rule units provided with openings, guide rodsfitted through the said openings, and continuous rules adapted to rideacross the guide rods so that the printing surfaces thereon are flushwith and at right angles to the printing surfaces on the sectional ruleunits.

2. Apparatus for printing both horizontal and perpendicular linescomprising sectional rules provided with openings parallel with theprinting surface, guide rods fitted through said openings, andperpendicular rules adapted to ride across the guide rods so that theprintin surfaces thereon are flush with and at right angles to those onthe sectional rules.

3. Apparatus for printing both horizontal and perpendicular linescomprising sectional rules having a printing face and being acombination of a printing surface and a space, continuous rules insertedbetween and at right angles to the sectional rules, a chase consistingof a head and tail bar, two side bars each hinged to the tail bar andwith a reduced end at thehead, two bottom side bars fixed to the tailand head bars and each having a spring device at the head together witha hook adapted to interlock with and clip the reduced end of theadjacent side bar, head and side locking-up bars movable in the chaseand adapted to compress the assembled sectional rule and continuousrules in two directions at right angles, and bolts screwed into andthrough the head and side bars of the chase with their inner endsbearing adjustably against the said head and side locking-up bars.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature hereto this 11th day ofQctober,

ERNEST ROWE.

